{"id":3126,"date":"2025-07-07T10:45:04","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T10:45:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cnes.community\/?page_id=3126"},"modified":"2025-10-08T12:37:10","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T12:37:10","slug":"survey-design-1-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cnes.community\/index.php\/resources\/cnes-knowledge-bank\/survey-design-1-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Survey design (1\/4)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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American National Election Study (ANES)<\/summary>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1948<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Multi-stage stratified area sampling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1952<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Multi-stage stratified sample<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode<\/strong>: face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1956<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multi-stage stratified sample<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1958<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling<\/strong>: Random probability sample + panel respondents from 1956 study<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1960<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Panel respondents from 1956 & 1958 studies + refreshment<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1962<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Multi-stage stratified area sampling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1964<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling<\/strong>: Stratified area sampling (by county) + supplement of Black voters<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode<\/strong>: face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1966<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Area probability sampling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1968<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Stratified area sampling (by county) + supplement of Black voters<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> face-to-face interview + paper questionnaire<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1970<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Stratified area sampling (by county) + supplement of Black voters and young respondents coming of voting age<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1972<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Random probability sample<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview + paper questionnaire<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1974<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling<\/strong>: Panel respondents from 1972 study + cross-sectional refreshment<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1976<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Panel respondents from 1972 and 1974 studies + cross-sectional refreshment<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1978<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Area probability sampling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1980<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Area probability sampling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1982<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Area probability sampling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1984<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multi-stage area probability sampling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face and telephone interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1986<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multistage area probability sample<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1988<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multistage area probability sample<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1990<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multistage area probability sample<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1992<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Panel participants from 1990 study + cross-sectional refreshment<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face and telephone interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1994<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Panel participants from 1990 and 1992 studies + cross-sectional refreshment<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> Computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1996<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Panel participants from 1992 and 1994 studies + cross-sectional refreshment<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face and telephone interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1998<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Area probability sample<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> telephone and face-to-face interview)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2000<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Area probability sample + Random Digit Dial (RDD) sampling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> face-to-face and telephone interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2002<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Panel participants from 2000 study +refreshment recruited by Random Digit Dial (RDD) sampling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>telephone (CATI)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2004<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multi-stage area probability sample<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>Computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2008<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multi-stage probability sampling from residential addresses + Black and Latino oversampling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> Face-to-face interview (CAPI) and Audio Computer-Assisted Self Interviewing (ACASI)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2012<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multi-stage probability sampling from residential addresses + Black and Latino oversampling. Additionally Random Digit Dial (RDD) and address-based sampling for web mode<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>Face-to-face interview (CAPI) and Audio Computer-Assisted Self Interviewing (ACASI) + web questionnaire<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2016<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Stratified clustered sampling (by state and district) from residential addresses<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview and web questionnaire<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2020<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Panel participants from 2020 General Social Survey and 2016 ANES study + fresh cross-sectional stratified area sample (by state and district) from residential addresses<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> Web questionnaire, telephone and video interviews<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2024<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Pre & post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>For pre-election: multi-stage stratified cluster sample. For post-election: multi-stage stratified cluster sample + panel respondents from 2016 and 2020 studies<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>Face-to-face, telephone and video interviews + web and paper questionnaires<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
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\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Argentine Panel Election Study (APES)<\/summary>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2015<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Stratified multistage cluster sampling, mixing probability and non-probability methods<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>Face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Australian Election Study (AES)<\/summary>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1987<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Systematic random sampling from electoral register<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> paper<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1990<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Systematic random sampling from electoral register<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode<\/strong>: paper<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1993<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Systematic random sampling from electoral register<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> paper<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1996<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling<\/strong>: Stratified systematic random sampling from electoral register<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> paper<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1998<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Stratified systematic random sampling from electoral register<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> paper<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2001<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Stratified systematic random sampling from electoral register<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> paper<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2004<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling<\/strong>: Main sample: stratified systematic random sampling from electoral register. Supplementary sample: multi-stage sample (by federal divisions)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode<\/strong>: paper<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2007<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Stratified systematic random sampling from electoral register<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> paper<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2010<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Stratified systematic random sampling from electoral register & recontacted respondents of previous surveys & respondents from online panel<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> paper (for the main survey only) and web<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2013<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Systematic random sampling from electoral register<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> paper and web<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2016<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multi-stage stratified random sample; first half from the electoral register, and second half from the national address register<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>web and paper<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling<\/strong>: Stratified sample drawn from the national address register & respondents from online panel<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> web and paper (push-to-web)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2022<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Stratified sample drawn from the national address register & respondents from online panel<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> web and paper (push-to-web)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Stratified sample drawn from the national address register & respondents from online panel<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>web and paper (push-to-web)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
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\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Austrian National Election Study (AUTNES)<\/summary>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
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2008<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Multiple stratified probability sampling from census data<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2013<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Stratified random sampling (by provinces)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode<\/strong>: telephone<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2017<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Stratified probability sample (by municipality)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> telephone<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling<\/strong>: Quota sample from online access panel<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> web<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2024<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Quota sample from online access panel (by gender, age, education, region)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> web<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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2017-2024<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Panel study<\/strong> (4-waves)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Quota sample from online access panel<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> web<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
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\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\n
RepResent Belgian Panel (RBP)<\/summary>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

2009<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Stratified sample from national registry (Flanders and Wallonia regions)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> Face-to-face and telephone interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2014<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Stratified sample from national registry (Flanders and Wallonia regions)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> Face-to-face and telephone interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Quota sample from online access panel (Flanders, Wallonia and Brussels regions)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> web<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

2024<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Quota sample from online access panel (Flanders, Wallonia and Brussels regions)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> web<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
Brazilian Electoral Studies (BES)<\/summary>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

2002<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Stratified probability sampling (by city, regarding the 5 regions and 27 states of the country, census track, household). National sample, 2.513 interviews.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> Face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2006<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Stratified probability sampling (by city, regarding the 5 regions and 27 states of the country, census track, household). National sample, 1.000 interviews. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> Face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2010<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Stratified probability sampling (by city, regarding the 5 regions and 27 states of the country, census track, household). National sample, 2.000 interviews. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> Face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

2014<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong>*<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Stratified probability sampling (by city, regarding the 5 regions and 27 states of the country, census track, household). National sample_2.506 interviews + complemented by 630 interviews in the State of S\u00e3o Paulo* (see note below)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> Face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2018<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Stratified probability sampling (by city, regarding the 5 regions and 27 states of the country, census track, household). National sample, 2.506 interviews. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> Face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2022<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling:<\/strong> Stratified probability sampling (by city, regarding the 5 regions and 27 states of the country, census track, household). National sample, 2.001 interviews. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode:<\/strong> Face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
*=The total sample of BES 2014 was designed proportionally to the universe based on 2,506 interviews.However, to allow the reading of the isolated results of the state of Sao Paulo (state capital, capital surrounding periphery and interior cities of the state), the initial sample of each of these areas was supplemented, arriving at a total sample of 3,136 interviews. With the sample complement, Brazil was over-represented in these areas, making it necessary to use weights to understand the proportional representation of all areas in relation to the universe in question. Therefore, the use of the weighs is not necessary only in the following cases: 1. Results only for the state capital of S\u00e3o Paulo; 2. Results only for the surrounding capital periphery of S\u00e3o Paulo; 3. Results only for the interior cities of S\u00e3o Paulo; . 4. Other results that do not include the state of S\u00e3o Paulo.<\/kbd><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
Canadian Election Study (CES-EEC)<\/summary>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

1997<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post-election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Two-stage probability sampling (by Random Digit Dial (RDD) + next birthday methods)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>Telephone and paper (mail-back)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

2004<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Post-election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Two-stage probability sampling (by Random Digit Dial (RDD) + next birthday methods)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>Telephone and paper (mail-back)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

2008<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Post-election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Two-stage probability sampling (by Random Digit Dial (RDD) + next birthday methods) + panel sample (2004 & 2006 surveys)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>Telephone and paper (mail-back)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

2011<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post-election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Two-stage probability sampling (by Random Digit Dial (RDD) + next birthday methods) + panel sample (2004 – 2008 surveys)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>Telephone and paper (mail-back)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

2015<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post-election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Two-stage probability sampling (by Random Digit Dial (RDD) + next birthday methods) + online panel respondents<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>Telephone and paper (mail-back) + web for panel respondents<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre & Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>For telephone survey: two-stage probability sampling (by modified Random Digit Dial (RDD) + next birthday methods). For online survey: quota sampling from online panel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>Telephone and web<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

2021<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pre & Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Stratified online panel (quota) sampling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>Web<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pre & Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Stratified online panel (quota) sampling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>Web<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
Croatian National Election Study<\/summary>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

1990<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multistage stratified simple random sample (by region, rural\/urban, center\/suburb, sex and age).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

1992<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multistage stratified simple random sample (by region, rural\/urban, center\/suburb, sex and age).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

1995<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multistage stratified simple random sample (by region, rural\/urban, center\/suburb, sex and age).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

1999<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multistage stratified simple random sample<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2003<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multistage stratified simple random sample (by region, rural\/urban, center\/suburb, sex and age)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2007<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multistage stratified simple random sample (by settlement, household and first birthday method)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

2012<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multistage stratified simple random sample (by region, settlement, household, and quotas)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2015<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Random sampling (by birthday method)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2016<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Random sampling (by birthday method)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

2018<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Random sampling (by birthday method)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2020<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Multistage stratified simple random sample (by region, settlement, household, and quotas)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
Czech National Election Study<\/summary>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

2002<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Quota sampling from national statistical office (by gender, age, education and size of place of residence). Representative by region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2006<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Quota sampling from national statistical office (by gender, age, education and size of place of residence). Representative by region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2010<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Quota sampling from national statistical office (by gender, age, education and size of place of residence). Representative by region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

2013<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Quota sampling (by region, size of place of residence, gender, age and education). Data source for quota selection: Czech Statistical Office (Population, Housing and Dwelling Census 2011).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2017<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Quota sampling (by region, size of place of residence, gender, age and education). Data source for quota selection: Czech Statistical Office (Population, Housing and Dwelling Census 2011).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2021<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Quota sampling (by region, size of place of residence, gender, age and education). Data source for quota selection: Czech Statistical Office.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview (72% PAPI, 28% CAPI)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

2023<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Online access panel sample<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>web<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
Dutch Parliamentary Election Studies (DPES)<\/summary>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

1967<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>–<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

1971<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre and post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Two-stage stratified random sampling<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

1981<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre and post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Two-stage stratified random sampling from various registers<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

1982<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Random sample from mail-delivery register + panel respondents to 1981 study<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

1986<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre and post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Random sample from mail-delivery register <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

1989<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre and post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Random sample from Geographic Base register<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview (CAPI)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

1994<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre and post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Random sample from Geographic Base register<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

1998<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre and post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Stratified probability sample (by region and municipality)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview + paper drop-off questionnaire<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2002<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Random sample from population register<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

2006<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Two-stage stratified sample (by municipality and individual)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2010<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Panel study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Stratified probability sample (by municipality)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2012<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Two-stage stratified sample (by municipality and individual)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview + paper drop-off questionnaire<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

2017<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Probability sample from national register + opt-in panel respondents<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>face-to-face interview (CAPI), web and paper (drop-off) questionnaires<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2021<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre and post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Probability sample from national register + opt-in panel respondents<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>web and paper <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

2023<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Pre and post election study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sampling: <\/strong>Probability sample from LISS panel + respondents from non-self subscribe panel (I&O research)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Survey mode: <\/strong>web<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
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