ISRAELI ELECTION STUDY, 1988 (ICPSR 2998) Principal Investigator Asher Arian Tel Aviv University Department of Political Science First ICPSR Version June 2001 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research P.O. Box 1248 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 - BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Publications based on ICPSR data collections should acknowledge those sources by means of bibliographic citations. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for social science bibliographic utilities, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The bibliographic citation for this data collection is: Arian, Asher. ISRAELI ELECTION STUDY, 1988 [Computer file]. ICPSR version. Tel Aviv, Israel: Asher Arian [producer], 1988. Mount Scopus, Jerusalem: Hebrew University, Social Science Data Archive (SSDA)/Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributors], 2001. REQUEST FOR INFORMATION ON USE OF ICPSR RESOURCES To provide funding agencies with essential information about use of archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about ICPSR participants' research activities, users of ICPSR data are requested to send to ICPSR bibliographic citations for each completed manuscript or thesis abstract. Please indicate in a cover letter which data were used. DATA DISCLAIMER The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for uses of this collection or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. - DATA COLLECTION DESCRIPTION Asher Arian ISRAELI ELECTION STUDY, 1988 (ICPSR 2998) SUMMARY: This election study was conducted in two phases. The respondents were first surveyed December 1987-January 1988, ten months before the elections for the Knesset (Israeli parliament). The same respondents were reinterviewed in October 1988, a few days prior to the elections for the Knesset. The first round of the survey investigated attitudes toward national agenda issues, political parties and candidates, political trends, and voting patterns of the respondents and their families. Also explored were respondents' attitudes toward the use of atomic weapons, the peace process, enemies of the state of Israel, the Israeli defense budget and agenda, relations with the United States, personal liberties, and limits to freedom of speech. The second round of the survey investigated respondent attitudes toward various statements on social and state matters such as democracy and minorities. Other questions included election predictions of the respondents and their families, the decision to cancel football matches on the Sabbath, and the value placed on a Jewish majority state, greater Israel, a democratic state, and a state of peace. Background information on respondents includes age, gender, political orientation, education, observance of religious traditions, employment status, household income, place of birth, marital/family status, military status, and voter participation history. SAMPLING: Representative sample of the population of Israel in 1987-1988. NOTE: (1) Records 1-3 contain data collected during the first round of interviews, conducted December 1987-January 1988. Record 4 contains data collected during the second round of interviews, conducted in October 1988. (2) The first round of this study surveyed 1,200 respondents. Of the initial cohort, 416 respondents participated in the second-round interviews. Only those respondents who participated in both rounds are included in the data file. (3) The fieldwork was carried out by Dahaf. (4) This collection has not been processed by ICPSR staff. ICPSR is distributing the data and documentation for this collection in essentially the same form in which they were received. When appropriate, documentation has been converted to Portable Document Format (PDF), data files have been converted to non-platform-specific formats, and variables have been recoded to ensure respondents' anonymity. EXTENT OF COLLECTION: 1 data file + machine-readable documentation (text) EXTENT OF PROCESSING: REFORM.DOC DATA FORMAT: Logical Record Length File Structure: rectangular Cases: 416 Variables: 444 Record Length: 129 Records Per Case: 4 HUJI - S O C I A L S C I E N C E S D A T A A R C H I V E -------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 15-Jun-2000 REPORT NAME: SDA RP964101 Codebook of 964101: ELECTION STUDIES 1988: RECORD 1 Ser Variable name Pos. Lg Form. ----------------------------------------------------------------- -0001 1 5 I5 Identification number -0002 6 1 I1 Evaluation of Israel's present national security (This is a scale from 1 to 9) 1 Worst possible 9 Best possible -0003 7 1 I1 Evaluation of Israel's national security 5 years ago (This is a scale from 1 to 9) 1 Worst possible 9 Best possible -0004 8 1 I1 Evaluation of Israel's national security in 5 years (This is a scale from 1 to 9) 1 Worst possible 9 Best possible -0005 9 1 I1 Which of the following 3 solutions to the problem of the territories is most acceptable 1 Returning most of the occupied territories for a peace treaty 2 Annexation of the territories to the state of Israel 3 Keeping the situation as is -0006 10 1 I1 Which of the 2 possibilities should Israel choose (if necessary) 1 Return most of Judea, Samaria and Gaza for peace 2 Annexation of Judea, Samaria and Gaza -0007 11 -14 REASONS FOR KEEPING JUDEA, SAMARIA AND GAZA -------------------------------------- -0008 11 1 I1 We have a right over the land (This is a scale from 1 to 4) 1 Best reason to keep Judea Samaria and Gaza 4 Less important reason to keep Judea Samaria and Gaza -0009 12 1 I1 Prevents establishment of a Palestinian state that will endanger our security (scale 1-4) 1 Best reason to keep Judea Samaria and Gaza 4 Less important reason to keep Judea Samaria and Gaza -0010 13 1 I1 Gives strategic depth in case of war in the east front (scale 1-4) 1 Best reason to keep Judea Samaria and Gaza 4 Less important reason to keep Judea Samaria and Gaza -0011 14 1 I1 Could be used in negotiating peace with Jordan (scale 1-4) 1 Best reason to keep Judea Samaria and Gaza 4 Less important reason to keep Judea Samaria and Gaza -0012 15 1 I1 Evaluation of government policy in territories (of maintaining the peace) 1 Too harsh 2 Appropriate 3 Too permissive -0013 16 1 I1 The contribution of the settlements in Judea & Samaria to the country's security (scale 1-7) 1 The settlements contribute to the country's security 4 The settlements do not influence the country's security 7 The settlements harm the country's security -0014 17 1 I1 The influence of our presence in the territories on the morale of the IDF 1 Negative influence 4 No influence 7 Positive influence -0015 18 1 I1 Whose voice should be heard regarding the future of the territories 1 Present IDF generals 2 Former IDF generals 3 Political science professors 4 Likud leaders 5 Labour party leaders 6 Rabbis 7 Public opinion -0016 19 1 I1 Evaluation of differences between two major parties on security issues 1 Very far away from each other 2 Far away from each other 3 In some cases far, in others close 4 In fact, they are close 5 Very close -0017 20 1 I1 Rights to be given to Palestinians if territories are annexed 1 Full civil rights (including voting rights) 2 Civil rights (excluding voting rights) 3 Leave current situation unchanged 4 Decrease current rights -0018 21 1 I1 Should a Palestinian autonomy be established in Judea, Samaria and Gaza 1 Definitely 2 Probably 3 Probably not 4 Definitely not -0019 22 1 I1 Should Israel agree to establishing a Palestinian state in the occupied territories 1 Definitely 2 Probably 3 Probably not 4 Definitely not -0020 23 1 I1 Should Israel agree to concession of the Golan Heights for peace 1 Total return of Golan 2 Partial return 3 No return -0021 24 1 I1 Possibility of ending Arab terror through military action alone 1 It is possible to end the terror 2 It can be diminished 3 Military action has no effect on terror 4 Military action will only increase terror -0022 25 1 I1 What should be the main direction in fighting against terror 1 A war initiated by us to hit the terrorists at their bases 2 A defensive type of war, deterrent actions 3 A response type war, initiating retaliation operations following terrorists attacks -0023 26 1 I1 What should be the appropriate response in event of Katusha bombing of the Galilee 1 Invade south Lebanon with large amount of forces and hold it for a long period 2 Launch a bombing using air force and artillery 3 Using a limited military force to destroy terrorists' nests 4 Selective air bombing on terrorists' bases 5 No military response but a political solution -0024 27 1 I1 Was the war in Lebanon worth while considering the consequences 1 Worth while 2 Not worth while -0025 28 1 I1 Should Israel agree to negotiate with P.L.O. taking into account the current situation 1 Yes 2 No -0026 29 1 I1 Should Israel agree to negotiate with P.L.O. providing P.L.O. recognizes Israel and renounces terror 1 Yes 2 No -0027 30 1 I1 In principle, is respondent for or against death penalty for terrorists 1 For death penalty 2 Against death penalty -0028 31 -36 RESPONDENT'S ATTITUDE TOWARD THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS -------------------------------------- -0029 31 1 I1 Destruction of houses whose owners hosted terrorists and knew that they are terrorists 1 Definitely supports 2 Supports 3 Opposes 4 Definitely opposes -0030 32 1 I1 Deportation of people who have maintained contact with terrorists' organizations 1 Definitely supports 2 Supports 3 Opposes 4 Definitely opposes -0031 33 1 I1 Retaliation against terrorists' bases if this does not endanger Arab civilians 1 Definitely supports 2 Supports 3 Opposes 4 Definitely opposes -0032 34 1 I1 Bombing terrorists' bases even if civilians get hurt 1 Definitely supports 2 Supports 3 Opposes 4 Definitely opposes -0033 35 I1 Terrorist' attacks on terrorists' leaders 1 Definitely supports 2 Supports 3 Opposes 4 Definitely opposes -0034 36 1 I1 Retaliation against states who sponsor terror 1 Definitely supports 2 Supports 3 Opposes 4 Definitely opposes -0035 37 1 I1 Should Israel exchange life-time sentenced terrorists for Israeli hostages 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Opposes 4 Definitely opposes -0036 38 1 I1 Should Israel exchange life-time sentenced terrorists for IDF soldiers held by terrorists 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Opposes 4 Definitely opposes -0037 39 -48 SHOULD ISRAEL INITIATE WAR IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SITUATIONS -------------------------------------- -0038 39 1 I1 As a defense against an attempt to destroy Israel 1 Totally justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally justified -0039 40 1 I1 To prevent an attempt to resieze territories captured by us 1 Totally justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally justified -0040 41 1 I1 To prevent or stop a war of attrition held against us 1 Totally justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally justified -0041 42 1 I1 To destroy the military power of a strengthening enemy to prevent a future threat 1 Totally justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally justified -0042 43 1 I1 To overthrow a hostile regime and set a lenient one to sign a peace treaty with 1 Totally justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally justified -0043 44 1 I1 To capture strategic territories 1 Totally justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally justified -0044 45 1 I1 Following Information on intent to start a border incident 1 Totally justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally justified -0045 46 1 I1 Following a U.S. request for assistance in defending her interests 1 Totally justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally justified -0046 47 1 I1 To help friendly elements in the area (e.g. Lebanese Christians) 1 Totally justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally justified -0047 48 1 I1 To destroy terrorists' bases targeted against us 1 Totally justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally justified -0048 49 1 I1 Should Israel develop atomic weapons 1 Yes 2 No -0049 50 1 I1 Are there circumstances where it would be justified to use atomic weapons 1 Yes 2 No, under no circumstances -0050 51 -55 SHOULD ISRAEL USE ATOMIC WEAPON IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING -------------------------------------- -0051 51 1 I1 As a response to an atomic attack from another country 1 Totally justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally justified -0052 52 1 I1 To prevent defeat in a conventional war 1 Totally justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally justified -0053 53 1 I1 To save many people's lives 1 Totally justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally justified -0054 54 1 I1 To save some people's lives 1 Totally justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally justified -0055 55 1 I1 As a weapon, instead of using the regular army 1 Totally justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally justified -0056 56 1 I1 Does respondent think Israel has atomic weapons 1 Certain there is 2 Thinks there is, uncertain 3 Thinks there isn't, uncertain 4 Certain there isn't -0057 57 1 I1 If Israel has atomic weapons, should it be kept a secret 1 It should be kept a secret 2 Should be announced to deter the enemy -0058 58 1 I1 How would respondent define himself on the hawks and doves continuum (scale 1-7) 1 Hawk 7 Dove -0059 59 1 I1 What should Israel emphasize to prevent a war against the Arab countries 1 To do everything it can to start a peace process 2 To increase its military power -0060 60 -64 RESPONDENT'S OPINION ON THE FOLLOWING -------------------------------------- -0061 60 1 I1 A peace process should be initiated, even at the price of territorial concessions 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Opposes 4 Definitely opposes -0062 61 1 I1 Individuals should sacrifice personally, economically to ensure our strength 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Opposes 4 Definitely opposes -0063 62 1 I1 Atomic weapons should be developed to deter the Arabs 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Opposes 4 Definitely opposes -0064 63 1 I1 Israel should sign a defense treaty with the U.S. to prevent Arab aggression 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Opposes 4 Definitely opposes -0065 64 1 I1 Israel should encourage Arab emigration 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Opposes 4 Definitely opposes -0066 65 1 I1 Possibility of Israeli-Arab peace in future 1 Definitely possible 2 Possible 3 Impossible 4 Definitely impossible -0067 66 1 I1 Israel's ability to affect Arab peace policy 1 Definitely capable 2 Capable 3 Incapable 4 Definitely incapable -0068 67 1 I1 Probability of signing a peace treaty with another Arab country within 3 years 1 Most likely 2 Likely 3 Unlikely 4 Most unlikely -0069 68 1 I1 Probability of Israeli-Arab war within 3 years 1 Most likely 2 Likely 3 Unlikely 4 Most unlikely -0070 69 2 I2 Two most dangerous enemies of Israel (69-most dangerous, 70-second most dangerous) 1 Syria 2 P.L.O 3 Jordan 4 The Shiites in Lebanon 5 Libya 6 Egypt 7 Iraq 8 Humeini's Iran 9 Saudi-Arabia -0071 71 1 I1 Today, are you for or against the peace agreement with Egypt 1 For 2 Against -0072 72 1 I1 At the time were you for or against the peace agreement with Egypt 1 For 2 Against -0073 73 -77 THE EXTENT OF APPROVAL OF THE FOLLOWING SAYINGS -------------------------------------- -0074 73 1 I1 Of all the viewpoints, there must be one and only one which is correct 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Objects 4 Definitely objects -0075 74 1 I1 Under no circumstance should people take the law into their hands 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Objects 4 Definitely objects -0076 75 1 I1 In cases where state interests interfere with personal ones the latter should prevail 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Objects 4 Definitely objects -0077 76 1 I1 No returning of any of Israel's land is a must 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Objects 4 Definitely objects -0078 77 1 I1 God will protect us if we are worthy even if we are unprepared for war 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Objects 4 Definitely objects -0079 78 1 I1 To what extent do you believe in our exisence in Israel in the long run 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Objects 4 Definitely objects -0080 79 -85 ISRAEL'S CAPABILITY OF COPING WITH VARIOUS SITUATIONS -------------------------------------- -0081 79 1 I1 Total Israeli-Arab war 1 Capable 2 Incapable -0082 80 1 I1 War against Syria alone 1 Capable 2 Incapable -0083 81 1 I1 Increase of terrorist activity 1 Capable 2 Incapable -0084 84 1 I1 Decrease of American support 1 Capable 2 Incapable -0085 83 1 I1 Israeli Arabs' civilian uprising 1 Capable 2 Incapable -0086 84 1 I1 Territories Arabs' uprising 1 Capable 2 Incapable -0087 85 1 I1 USSR will assist Arab states against us 1 Capable 2 Incapable -0088 86 1 I1 What probability does respondent attach to Israel's destruction 1 High 2 Medium 3 Low 4 Non-existent -0089 87 1 I1 Level of rationality of Israel's foreign and security policy 1 Always rational 2 Usually rational 3 Some times rational at others not 4 Usually irrational 5 Always irrational -0090 88 1 I1 Level of rationality of the Arab states' foreign and security policy 1 Always rational 2 Usually rational 3 Some times rational at others not 4 Usually irrational 5 Always irrational -0091 89 1 I1 Estimate of the Arabs' ultimate goal 1 To retrieve part of the territories seized during the 6 Day War 2 To retrieve all of the territories seized during the 6 Day War 3 To conquer Israel 4 To conquer Israel and annihilate most of the Jewish population -0092 90 -95 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A REASON FOR THE ARABS OBJECTING TO ISRAEL'S EXISTENCE -------------------------------------- -0093 90 1 I1 They nurture hatred towards Jews 1 Is a reason 2 Is not a reason -0094 91 1 I1 Israel is an alien element in the Middle East 1 Is a reason 2 Is not a reason -0095 92 1 I1 Our technological advantage scares them 1 Is a reason 2 Is not a reason -0096 93 1 I1 They view Israeli land as Arab land which should be returned to owners 1 Is a reason 2 Is not a reason -0097 94 1 I1 They only want to retrieve those lands which were taken during the 6 Day War 1 Is a reason 2 Is not a reason -0098 95 1 I1 They fear future Israeli aggressiveness 1 Is a reason 2 Is not a reason -0099 96 2 I2 From the above list name 2 main causes for their opposition to us;96-main, 97-second 0 Hatred toward the Jews is among them 1 Israel is a pain in the 2 Our technological advantage frightens them 3 They view all Israeli land as Arab land which should be returned to owners 4 They wish to free only those land captured during the 6 day war 5 They fear Israeli agression -0100 98 -100 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD YOU BE WILLING TO GIVE TO MAINTAIN/STRENGTHEN THE SECURITY -------------------------------------- -0101 98 1 I1 Willingness to have taxes raised so that the respondent pays more to increase security budget 1 Is willing 2 Is unwilling -0102 99 1 I1 Willingness to serve more in the army (also his children) 1 Is willing 2 Is unwilling -0103 100 1 I1 Willingness to serve more in the reserve service (also his children) 1 Is willing 2 Is unwilling -0104 101 1 I1 Is the burden of the military service divided up justly 1 Just 2 Unjust -0105 102 1 I1 Is the reserve military service used efficiently or wasted 1 Usually used efficiently 2 Usually wasted -0106 103 1 I1 What is your opinion on the length of military service 1 Too long 2 Appropriate 3 Too short -0107 104 1 I1 What is your opinion of the defense budget 1 It should be increased 2 It should stay as is 3 It should be cut -0108 105 1 I1 What would be your opinion of the defense budget should economic state get worse 1 It should be increased 2 It should stay as is 3 It should be cut -0109 106 1 I1 What do you think of cutting social services to increase defense budget 1 Definitely justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Totally unjustified -0110 107 1 I1 What do you think of IDF increasing/ decreasing its power in last 5 years 1 Significant decrease 2 Some decrease 3 No change 4 Some increase 5 Significant increase -0111 108 1 I1 Who should determine IDF's future weapon systems 1 The government 2 The Knesset 3 The army 4 Military industry/Air force industry 5 Other -0112 109 1 I1 What is your attitude towards the continuation of the Lavi project 1 Definitely supports its continuation 2 Supports its continuation 3 Opposes its continuation 4 Definitely opposes its continuation -0113 110 1 I1 Are decisions regarding military matters affected by objective considerations 1 Only objective considerations 2 Also other considerations -0114 111 1 I1 Who determines Israel's defense policy for the most part 1 The prime minister 2 The minister of defense 3 The cabinet 4 The government 5 Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee 6 IDF's general staff 7 The media 8 The U.S. 9 The Israeli people 10 Other -0115 112 1 I1 Should security considerations override other social/ecconomic considerations (a scale) 1 Security considerations should override all others 7 Security should not override -0116 113 1 I1 Should security considerations override the law (a scale) 1 Security considerations should override all others 7 Security should not override -0117 114 1 I1 How does the current leadership view the security/law dichotomy 1 Always prefers security considerations 2 Usually prefers security considerations 3 Usually prefers the law 4 Always prefers the law -0118 115 1 I1 How did the first years' leadership view the security/law dichotomy 1 Always prefers security considerations 2 Usually prefers security considerations 3 Usually prefers the law 4 Always prefers the law -0119 116 1 I1 Is there enough supervision over the Mossad and the Shin-Beit 1 Too much supervision 2 Enough supervision 3 Not enough supervision -0120 117 -125 THE EXTENT OF APPROVAL OF THE FOLLOWING -------------------------------------- -0121 117 1 I1 The keeper of Israel shall not sleep 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Disagrees 4 Definitely disagrees -0122 118 1 I1 Massada will never fall again 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Disagrees 4 Definitely disagrees -0123 119 1 I1 The whole world is against us 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Disagrees 4 Definitely disagrees -0124 120 1 I1 The glory of Israel shall not die 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Disagrees 4 Definitely disagrees -0125 121 1 I1 Israel has been and always will be isolated 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Disagrees 4 Definitely disagrees -0126 122 1 I1 I would die for my country 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Disagrees 4 Definitely disagrees -0127 123 1 I1 If he come to slay thee, forestall by slaying him 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Disagrees 4 Definitely disagrees -0128 124 1 I1 The best defense is offense 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Disagrees 4 Definitely disagrees -0129 125 1 I1 Military victory enhances the peace process 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Disagrees 4 Definitely disagrees -0130 126 1 I1 "The keeper of Israel shall not sleep" who is the keeper of Israel 1 God 2 IDF 3 USA 4 The state of Israel 5 The people of Israel 6 Every man to himself 7 Other -0131 127 1 I1 Should Israel supply non-democratic and hostile states (such as Iran)with weapons 1 Weapons should be sold to anyone 2 Weapons should be sold to anyone except to hostile states 3 Weapons should be sold to states whose regime seems good to us 4 Weapons should not be sold to other states -0132 128 1 I1 Respondent's opinion of a peace conference with the sponsorship of the superpowers 1 Definitely supports 2 Supports 3 Opposes 4 Definitely opposes HUJI - S O C I A L S C I E N C E S D A T A A R C H I V E -------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 15-Jun-2000 REPORT NAME: SDA RP964102 Codebook of 964102: ELECTION STUDIES 1988: RECORD 2 Ser Variable name Pos. Lg Form. ----------------------------------------------------------------- -0001 1 5 I5 Identification number -0002 6 1 I1 Should the government take public opinion into consideration when waging a war 1 Definitely should 2 Should 3 Should not 4 Definitely should not -0003 7 1 I1 Support of government in security crisis even if disagreeing with it's way 1 Definitely necessary 2 Usually necessary 3 Usually Unnecessary 4 Never necessary -0004 8 -12 IS A HIGH RANKING MILITARY MAN ENTITLED TO DO THE FOLLOWING -------------------------------------- -0005 8 1 I1 Discuss his disapproval of government policy with his superiors 1 Is entitled 2 Is not entitled -0006 9 1 I1 Send anonymous letters to the press 1 Is entitled 2 Is not entitled -0007 10 1 I1 Express his opinion openly in the media if it does not harm state security 1 Is entitled 2 Is not entitled -0008 11 1 I1 Request to release him from duty 1 Is entitled 2 Is not entitled -0009 12 1 I1 Refuse to follow orders concerning policy 1 Is entitled 2 Is not entitled -0010 13 1 I1 Media's treatment of security matters 1 Totally responsibly 2 Usually responsibly 3 Usually irresponsibly 4 Totally irresponsibly -0011 14 1 I1 Media's coverage of security matters 1 Not enough 2 Enough 3 Too much -0012 15 1 I1 Reliability of statements made by the country's leaders on security matters 1 Definitely trusts 2 Trusts 3 Does not trust 4 Definitely distrusts -0013 16 1 I1 Are security related decisions influenced by non-related considerations 1 Only by related considerations 2 Also by other considerations -0014 17 1 I1 How well does the public understand security matters to be able to express an opinion 1 Understands very well 2 Understands 3 Understands to a certain extent 4 Understands very little 5 Does not understand -0015 18 1 I1 Frequency of expressing own opinion on security matters, including protest letters 1 Often 2 Sometimes 3 Very rarely 4 Never -0016 19 1 I1 To what extent do you and your friends influence decisions on security matters 1 A great deal 2 To some extent 3 Very little 4 Not at all -0017 20 1 I1 How well do you understand security matters to express an opinion 1 Understands very well 2 Understands 3 Understansds to a certain extent 4 Understands very little 5 Does not understand -0018 21 -24 FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING STATE "AGREE" OR "DISAGREE" -------------------------------------- -0019 21 1 I1 In daily life the ends which are important to me justify the means 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Disagrees 4 Definitely disagrees -0020 22 1 I1 The criticism of Israel stems mainly from anti-semitism 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Disagrees 4 Definitely disagrees -0021 23 1 I1 Israel should take into consideration the gentiles' opinions 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Disagrees 4 Definitely disagrees -0022 24 1 I1 Several strong leaders can do more good than any discussion or law 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Disagrees 4 Definitely disagrees -0023 25 -31 TRY TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING THE BEST YOU CAN -------------------------------------- -0024 25 1 I1 What part of the government budget is the defense budget 1 Less than 10% 2 Between 10%-40% 3 Between 40%-75% 4 More than 75% -0025 26 1 I1 Which country makes the F-16 aircraft 1 Israel 2 France 3 U.S. 4 Great Britain -0026 27 1 I1 What is the U.S annual military aid to Israel 1 Less than a billion dollars annually 2 Between 1-3 billion dollars Annually 3 Between 3-5 billion dollars annually 4 Over 5 billion annually -0027 28 1 I1 Does IDF have submarines 1 Certain they have 2 I think they have but am not certain 3 I think they don't but am not certain 4 Certain they don't have -0028 29 1 I1 How many terrorists were released following the agreement with Gibril (1985) 1 58 2 140 3 485 4 3900 -0029 30 1 I1 Do Arabs from the occupied territories have a right to appeal to the supreme court 1 Certain they have the right 2 I think they do but am uncertain 3 I think they don't but am uncertain 4 Certain they don't -0030 31 1 I1 Do Arabs from the occupied territories have a right to vote for the Knesset 1 Certain they have the right 2 I think they do but am uncertain 3 I think they don't but am uncertain 4 Certain they don't -0031 32 1 Are most people trust-worthy or not 1 Most people are trust worthy 2 One should be careful when in contact with people -0032 33 1 I1 Do you think most people tend more to look after other people or only after themselves 1 Tend to help others 2 Tend to help themselves -0033 34 1 I1 Which of the following is most important to you 1 Self fulfillment 2 Self esteem 3 Love, affection 4 Certainty, confidence in life 5 A comfortable life -0034 35 1 I1 Which of the following reflects your stand on the society issue in Israel 1 Our society needs to undergo a fundamental changes via a revolutionary act 2 Our society needs to undergo gradual changes by reforms 3 Our society should stay as is and should be protected from those who want to change it -0035 36 -43 RESPONDENT'S ATTITUDE TOWARD THE FOLLOWING -------------------------------------- -0036 36 1 I1 If a person does not look after himself, no one will 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Uncertain 4 Disagrees 5 Definitely disagrees -0037 37 1 I1 Life is mainly a struggle for survival 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Uncertain 4 Disagrees 5 Definitely disagrees -0038 38 1 I1 Compromise with political rivals is dangerous-it leads to betrayal of principles 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Uncertain 4 Disagrees 5 Definitely disagrees -0039 39 1 I1 A group which allows different ideas among members cannot survive 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Uncertain 4 Disagrees 5 Definitely disagrees -0040 40 1 I1 People divide up into 2 groups: those who support the right views and those who don't 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Uncertain 4 Disagrees 5 Definitely disagrees -0041 41 1 I1 Most ideas written today aren't worth the paper used 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Uncertain 4 Disagrees 5 Definitely disagrees -0042 42 1 I1 It is better to choose friends whose ideas are similar to your own 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Uncertain 4 Disagrees 5 Definitely disagrees -0043 43 1 I1 Most people don't know what's good for them 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Uncertain 4 Disagrees 5 Definitely disagrees -0044 44 -49 THE FOLLOWING ARE QUESTIONS ON YOUR FEELINGS ABOUT ISRAEL-U.S RELATIONS -------------------------------------- -0045 44 1 I1 What opinion do you have of the U.S 1 A very good opinion 2 A good opinion 3 Neither good nor bad 4 A bad opinion 5 A very bad opinion -0046 45 1 I1 Is your opinion of the U.S more for the good or bad (only for value 3-previous question) 1 A good opinion 2 A bad opinion -0047 46 1 I1 How would you describe current relations with the U.S. 1 Very good 2 Pretty good 3 Normal 4 Pretty bad 5 Very bad -0048 47 1 I1 How much can Israel depend on U.S. as a weapons' supplier 1 Very much indeed 2 Very much 3 To some extent 4 Very little 5 Not at all -0049 48 1 I1 Is Israel justified in spying in the US to get information relevant to her security 1 Definitely justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Definitely unjustified -0050 49 1 I1 Is the US justified in spying in Israel to get information relevant to her security 1 Definitely justified 2 Justified 3 Unjustified 4 Definitely unjustified -0051 50 1 I1 The chances for another world war (scale from 1-7) 1 Certain there will be a war 7 No danger of a war -0052 51 1 I1 The main problem facing the government today -0053 52 -128 MORE PERSONAL QUESTIONS -------------------------------------- -0054 52 1 I1 Are you satisfied with your life in general 1 Very much 2 Pretty satisfied 3 Not so satisfied 4 Not satisfied at all -0055 53 -55 FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING GIVE A MARK FROM 1-9 -------------------------------------- -0056 53 1 I1 Your personal state 1 Worst possible state 9 Best possible state -0057 54 1 I1 Your personal state 5 years ago 1 Worst possible state 9 Best possible state -0058 55 1 I1 Your personal state 5 years from now 1 Worst possible state 9 Best possible state -0059 56 1 I1 Do you support or are active in any party 1 I don't support nor am active in any party 2 I support a party but am not a member 3 I am a party member 4 I am an active member in a party 5 I am a member and hold a post in the party -0060 57 1 I1 Where do you place yourself in the left-right scale (1-7) 1 Rightmost 7 Leftmost -0061 58 1 I1 What effect will the security situation have on your voting to the Knesset (closest) 1 Will have a great effect 2 Will have some effect 3 Will have a very little effect 4 Will have no effect -0062 59 2 I2 Which party reflects your view on security matters 01 Labour 02 Likud 03 Mapam 04 Tehia 05 Tzomet 06 Shinui+Independent Liberals +The Liberal center 07 Ratz+Sarid+Virsouvski 08 National religious party 09 Agudat Israel 10 Shas 11 Poalei Agudat Israel 12 Kach (Kahane) 13 Hadash (Rakah) 14 The movement for progressive peace 15 Other -0063 61 2 I2 If elections were held now who would you vote for 01 Labour (Maarach) (Labour+Yahad) 02 Likud (Herut+Liberalim+ +La'am+Ometz+Tami) 03 Mapam 04 Tehia 05 Tzomet 06 Shinui+Independent Liberals +The Liberal center 07 Ratz+Sarid+Virsouvski 08 National religious party(Mafdal)+Metzad 09 Agudat Israel 10 Shas 11 Poalei Agudat Israel 12 Kach (Kahane) 13 Hadash (Rakah) 14 The movement for progressive peace 15 Other 16 Has not decided yet 17 Would not vote -0064 63 2 I2 For which party did you vote in the 1984 elections 01 Labour 02 Likud 03 Mafdal 04 Agudat Israel 05 Shas 06 Morasha 07 Tami 08 Yahad (Wiezman) 09 Shinui 10 Ratz 11 Hatchia+tzomet 12 Lova Eliav 13 Ometz 14 Kach 15 Hadash (Rakach) 16 The progressive movement for peace 17 Other 18 Did not vote though had the right 19 Did not have the right to vote -0065 65 2 I2 When did you first vote for the Knesset 01 1949 02 1951 03 1955 04 1959 05 1961 06 1965 07 1969 08 1973 09 1977 10 1981 11 1984 12 I have not yet participated -0066 67 2 I2 Which party did you vote for for the first time 01 Mapai 02 Mapam 03 Ahdut Ha-avoda 04 Labour party (Mapai+Ahdut Ha-avoda) 05 Maarach (Mapai+Ahdut Ha-avoda +Mapam) 06 Ha-tzionim ha-klalim 07 Ha-progresivim 08 The liberal party (06+07) 09 The independent liberals 10 Herut 11 Gahal (09+10) 12 Ha-mercaz ha-hofshi 13 Ha-reshima ha-mamlahtit 14 Likud (09+11+12) 15 Shlomtzion 16 Rafi 17 Ometz 18 Hamizrahi 19 Ha-poel ha-mizrahi 20 Ha-mafdal 21 Agudat Israel/Poalei agudat Israel 22 Shas 23 Morasha 24 Tami 25 Yahad (Weizman) 26 Telem (Dayan) 27 Dash 28 Shinui 29 Ratz 30 Ha-olam ha-ze 31 Shely 32 Lova Elihav 33 Maki 34 Moked 35 Rakah/Hadash 36 Ha-reshima ha-mitkademet le-shalom 37 Ha-tehia+tzomet 38 Kach (kahane) 39 Other 40 Do not remeber 41 Did not participate yet-no voting right 42 Did not participate though I have the right -0067 69 2 I2 Which party did your father vote for during the last elections 01 Mapai 02 Mapam 03 Ahdut Ha-avoda 04 Labour party (Mapai+Ahdut Ha-avoda) 05 Maarach (Mapai+Ahdut Ha-avoda +Mapam) 06 Ha-tzionim ha-klalim 07 Ha-progresivim 08 The liberal party (06+07) 09 The independent liberals 10 Herut 11 Gahal (09+10) 12 Ha-mercaz ha-hofshi 13 Ha-reshima ha-mamlahtit 14 Likud (09+11+12) 15 Shlomtzion 16 Rafi 17 Ometz 18 Hamizrahi 19 Ha-poel ha-mizrahi 20 Ha-mafdal 21 Agudat Israel/Poalei agudat Israel 22 Shas 23 Morasha 24 Tami 25 Yahad (Weizman) 26 Telem (Dayan) 27 Dash 28 Shinui 29 Ratz 30 Ha-olam ha-ze 31 Shely 32 Lova Elihav 33 Maki 34 Moked 35 Rakah/Hadash 36 Ha-reshima ha-mitkademet le-shalom 37 Ha-tehia+tzomet 38 Kach (kahane) 39 Other 40 Do not remember 41 Did not participate yet-no voting right 42 Did not participate though has the right -0068 71 2 I2 Which party did your mother vote for during last elections 01 Mapai 02 Mapam 03 Ahdut Ha-avoda 04 Labour party (Mapai+Ahdut Ha-avoda) 05 Maarach (Mapai+Ahdut Ha-avoda +Mapam) 06 Ha-tzionim ha-klalim 07 Ha-progresivim 08 The liberal party (06+07) 09 The Independent liberals 10 Herut 11 Gahal (09+10) 12 Ha-mercaz ha-hofshi 13 Ha-reshima ha-mamlahtit 14 Likud (09+11+12) 15 Shlomtzion 16 Rafi 17 Ometz 18 Hamizrahi 19 Ha-poel ha-mizrahi 20 Ha-mafdal 21 Agudat Israel/Poalei agudat Israel 22 Shas 23 Morasha 24 Tami 25 Yahad (Weizman) 26 Telem (Dayan) 27 Dash 28 Shinui 29 Ratz 30 Ha-olam ha-ze 31 Shely 32 Lova Eliav 33 Maki 34 Moked 35 Rakah/Hadash 36 Ha-reshima ha-mitkademet le-shalom 37 Ha-tehia+tzomet 38 Kach (kahane) 39 Other 40 Do not remeber 41 Did not participate yet-no voting right 42 Did not participate though has the right -0069 73 1 I1 Marital status 1 Bachelor/spinster 2 Married 3 Divorced 4 Widow -0070 74 2 I2 For which party did your spouse vote (see var no. 0067 for codes) -0071 76 1 I1 Do you think you are influenced by your family members' votes 1 Yes, very much so 2 Yes, a lot 3 Yes, to some extent 4 Yes, very little 5 Not at all -0072 77 1 I1 Who do you think influences your vote mostly 1 My father 2 My mother 3 Brother/Sister 4 Spouse 5 Son/daughter 6 Other 7 Both my parents 8 All my family equally 9 None of them have any Influence -0073 78 1 I1 Which of these social groups influences your vote mostly 1 My family 2 My close friends 3 Friends from work 4 Members of the movement/organization I belong to 5 All the above groups equally 6 None of these have influence over me -0074 79 1 I1 To what extent is it important to you not to be considered a political anomaly 1 Extremely so 2 Very much 3 To some extent 4 Very little 5 Not at all -0075 80 1 I1 How often do you discuss political matters with your family 1 Almost every day 2 Once or twice a week 3 Very rarely 4 Never -0076 81 1 I1 With whom do you discuss political matters for the most part 1 With my father 2 With my mother 3 With my sister/brother 4 With spouse 5 With my children 6 Other 7 With both my parents equally 8 With all my family equally 9 With neither -0077 82 1 I1 When you lived with your parents, with whom did you discuss political matters 1 With my father 2 With my mother 3 With my sister/brother 4 Other 5 With both parents equally 6 With all family members 7 With no one 8 I still live with my parents -0078 83 1 I1 Are you satisfied with the way the the Israeli democracy functions 1 Very satisfied 2 Pretty satisfied 3 Not so satisfied 4 Not satisfied at all -0079 84 1 I1 When you have a definite opinion on something do you try to convince others 1 Yes, often 2 Yes, sometimes 3 Yes, rarely 4 Never -0080 85 1 I1 Do you want to live in Israel in the long run 1 I am convinced that I do 2 I want to but am not convinced 3 I have doubts 4 I am convinced that I don't -0081 86 1 I1 What is the main cause for not wanting to live here 1 The security situation 2 The economic situation 3 The social situation 4 Rising of anti-democratic views 5 The place religion has in the state -0082 87 1 I1 How would you define your feeling today-would you say that you are happy 1 Very happy 2 Quite happy 3 Not so happy -0083 88 1 I1 Did you do active military service (or are you currently serving) 1 Haven't served yet but will serve 2 I am doing compulsery service 3 Professional military service 4 I have served 5 I have not served in the army -0084 89 1 I1 Do you do reserve service 1 Yes 2 No -0085 90 2 I2 How many reserve duty days have you served last year -0086 92 1 I1 During reserve service do you serve in a combat duty 1 Combat duty 2 Non-combat duty -0087 93 1 I1 How long have you served in active military service 1 Up to a year 2 1-1.5 years 3 1.5-2 years 4 2-2.5 years 5 2.5-3 years 6 3-6 years 7 6-15 years 8 Over 15 years -0088 94 1 I1 Did you serve in combat during army service 1 Mainly in combat services 2 Both in combat and non- combat services 3 Mainly in non-combat services -0089 95 1 I1 During army service/ reserve duty were you posted in the occupied territories 1 Yes 2 No 3 Do not do reserve duty -0090 96 1 I1 What is/was your military rank in army service (data is unavailable) -0091 97 1 I1 Have you participated in any war (in combat) 0 No 1 Yes -0092 98 1 I1 How satisfied were you of your army service 1 Very satisfied 2 Satisfied 3 No opinion 4 Unsatisfied 5 Unsatisfied at all -0093 99 1 I1 What is the reason for not serving in the army 1 My recruiting date hasn't come 2 I am in academic reserve 3 I am a new immigrant 4 I am not a citizen 5 Because of religious reasons 6 Because of conscience reasons 7 Other -0094 100 1 I1 Is a relative of yours in army service 1 Yes 2 No -0095 101 2 I2 Age -0096 103 1 I1 How do you define yourself (ethnic group) 1 Ashkenazi 2 Sepharadic 3 Neither -0097 104 2 I2 Country of birth or origin (values 1-5:country of birth) 01 North Africa 02 Asia 03 Eastern Europe 04 Central and Eastern Europe 05 America, Australia, South Africa 06 Born in Israel-Father born in Israel 07 Born in Israel-Father born in North Africa 08 Born in Israel-Father born in Asia 09 Born in Israel-Father born in Eastern Europe 10 Born in Israel-Father born in Western/Central Europe 11 Born in Israel-Father born in America/Australia/South Africa -0098 106 2 I2 Year of Aliya -0099 108 2 I2 Years of schooling -0100 110 1 I1 To what extent do you observe religious tradition 1 I observe all parts to the letter 2 I observe most parts 3 I observe some parts 4 I don't observe any -0101 111 -113 DO YOU HAVE CHILDREN IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AGE GROUPS -------------------------------------- -0102 111 1 I1 Ages 0-16 1 No children 2 Has a son/sons 3 Has a daughter/daughters 4 Has a son+daughter -0103 112 1 I1 Ages 16-18 1 No children 2 Has a son/sons 3 Has a daughter/daughters 4 Has a son+daughter -0104 113 1 I1 Ages 19-23 1 No children 2 Has a son/sons 3 Has a daughter/daughters 4 Has a son+daughter -0105 114 1 I1 Monthly family expenditures (average-1,600 NIS for family of 4, Dec.,1987) 1 A lot over average 2 A little over average 3 The same as the average 4 A little under average -0106 115 1 I1 Number of rooms in household -0107 116 2 I2 Number of persons living in household -0108 118 1 I1 In which social class do you classify yourself 1 Upper class 2 Middle upper class 3 Middle class 4 Lower class -0109 119 1 I1 Do you work outside the household 1 Yes 2 No -0110 120 1 I1 Status at work 1 Salaried worker 2 Salaried clerk 3 Salaried manager 4 Independent (small) 5 Independent (owns a company) -0111 121 1 I1 Reading daily newspapers 1 Almost never 2 Rarely 3 About once a week 4 About 2-3 times a week 5 Almost every day -0112 122 1 I1 Do you read literature on security matters 1 Often 2 Sometimes 3 Seldom 4 Never -0113 123 1 I1 When meeting with friends do you discuss political matters 1 Often 2 Sometimes 3 Seldom 4 Never -0114 124 1 I1 Have you been in a country under Nazi rule during the World War 2 1 Yes 2 No -0115 125 1 I1 Has a family member been in a country under Nazi rule 1 Yes 2 No -0116 126 1 I1 Has a member of your family been killed/hurt during Holocaust 1 Yes 2 No -0117 127 1 I1 Have you or a family member been injured during army service 1 I was badly hurt 2 I was hurt but not badly 3 A family member has been badly hurt 4 A family member has been hurt but not badly -0118 128 1 I1 Has a member of your family been killed during army service 1 Yes 2 No -0119 129 1 I1 Sex 1 Female 2 Male HUJI - S O C I A L S C I E N C E S D A T A A R C H I V E -------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 15-Jun-2000 REPORT NAME: SDA RP964103 Codebook of 964103: ELECTION STUDIES 1988, RECORD 3 Ser Variable name Pos. Lg Form. ----------------------------------------------------------------- -0001 1 5 I5 Identification number -0002 6 1 I1 General situation in Israel today 1 Very good 2 Good 3 Not so good 4 Not good 5 Bad -0003 7 1 I1 Way government handles nation's problems 1 Very well 2 Well 3 Not so well 4 Not well at all -0004 8 -10 NATIONAL SECURITY SCALE -------------------------------------- -0005 8 1 I1 Evaluation of Israel's present national security (1-9 scale) 1 Worst possible 9 Best possible -0006 9 1 I1 Evaluation of Israel's national security 5 years ago (1-9 scale) 1 Worst possible 9 Best possible -0007 10 1 I1 Evaluation of Israel's national security in 5 years (1-9 scale) 1 Worst possible 9 Best possible -0008 11 2 I2 Main problem government must take care of (state one problem only) 01 Security (general) 02 The Palestinian issue, occupied territories 03 The uprising in the occupied territories (Intifada) 04 Fighting Terror, security forces 05 Israeli Arabs 06 Foreign policy (general) 07 The peace (solving the Israeli Arab conflict) 08 Economy (general) 09 Inflation 10 Depression, unemployment 11 Internal affairs (general) 12 Social gap 13 Young couples, housing 14 Education 15 Health 16 Transportation, road accidents 17 Immigration absorption 18 Religious affairs, religious-secular relations 19 Unity and moral of the people 20 Other -0009 13 2 I2 Party most capable of handling above issue (issue mentioned at var no. 0008) 01 Labor 02 Likud 03 Hatehiya 04 Tsomet 05 Moledet(Gandi) 06 Kah(Kahana) 07 Tnu'at Hamerkaz-Shinui 08 Mapam 09 Ratz 10 Mafdal 11 Meimad(The Centre Religious Party) 12 Agudat Israel\Degel Hatora 13 Shas\Yeshi 14 Pagi-Morasha(The United Torah Camp) 15 Arab Democratic Party(Daraushe) 16 Hadash(Rakah) 17 The Progressive List 18 Other party 19 No opinion 20 All parties together -0010 15 1 I1 Desired solution to territories issue 1 Conceding territories in return for peace 2 Annexation of territories 3 Leave current situation unchanged -0011 16 1 I1 Which of the 2 solutions should Israel adopt if necessary 1 Return most of Judea,Samaria and Gaza 2 Annexation of Judea,Samaria and Gaza -0012 17 1 I1 The largest territorial concession, if any, to be made in Judea and Samaria for peace 1 No concession 2 Concession of a small part 3 Concession of a part 4 Almost full concession 5 Concession of all Judea and samaria for Peace treaty -0013 18 1 I1 Should Israel agree to negotiate with PLO taking into account the current situation 1 Yes 2 No -0014 19 1 I1 Should Israel be ready to negotiate with PLO providing PLO recognizes Israel and renounces terror 1 Yes 2 No -0015 20 1 I1 Should Israel agree to establishment of Palestinian state in occupied territories 1 Definitely 2 Probably 3 Probably not 4 Definitely not -0016 21 1 I1 Rights to be given to Palestinians if territories are annexed 1 Full civil rights(incl. suffrage) 2 Civil rights (excluding suffrage) 3 Leave current situation unchanged 4 Decrease current rights -0017 22 1 I1 Evaluation of government's policy in territories of maintaining tranquility 1 Too harsh 2 Appropriate 3 Too permissive -0018 23 1 I1 Emphasis to put in attempt to prevent war between Israel and Arab states 1 Take all measures towards peace treaty 2 Increase military power -0019 24 1 I1 Government should encourage Arab emigration from Israel 1 Strongly agree 2 Agree 3 Disagree 4 Strongly disagree -0020 25 1 I1 Possibility of Arab-Israeli peace in future 1 Definitely possible 2 Possible 3 Impossible 4 Definitely impossible -0021 26 1 I1 Israel's ability to affect Arab peace policy 1 Definitely capable 2 Capable 3 Incapable 4 Definitely incapable -0022 27 1 I1 Probability of signing another peace treaty with Arab country within 3 years 1 Most likely 2 Likely 3 Unlikely 4 Most unlikely -0023 28 1 I1 Probability of Israeli-Arab war within 3 years 1 Most likely 2 Likely 3 Unlikely 4 Most unlikely -0024 29 -30 THE TWO MOST DANGEROUS ENEMIES OF ISRAEL -------------------------------------- -0025 29 1 I1 The most dangerous enemy 1 Syria 2 PLO 3 Jordan 4 Lebanese Shiites 5 Libya 6 Egypt 7 Iraq 8 Iran 9 Saudi Arabia -0026 30 1 I1 The second most dangerous enemy 1 Syria 2 PLO 3 Jordan 4 Lebanese Shiites 5 Libya 6 Egypt 7 Iraq 8 Iran 9 Saudi Arabia -0027 31 1 I1 Belief in Israel's existence in long run 1 Definitely believe 2 Believe 3 Disbelieve 4 Definitely disbelieve -0028 32 -38 ISRAEL'S CAPABILITY OF COPING WITH VARIOUS SITUATIONS -------------------------------------- -0029 32 1 I1 Total Israeli-Arab war 1 Capable 2 Incapable -0030 33 1 I1 War against Syria alone 1 Capable 2 Incapable -0031 34 1 I1 Increase of terrorist activity 1 Capable 2 Incapable -0032 35 1 I1 Decrease of American support 1 Capable 2 Incapable -0033 36 1 I1 Israeli Arabs' civilian uprising 1 Capable 2 Incapable -0034 37 1 I1 Uprising of Arabs from occupied territories 1 Capable 2 Incapable -0035 38 1 I1 Massive Soviet assistance to Arab countries in war against us 1 Capable 2 Incapable -0036 39 1 I1 Estimate of Arabs' ultimate goal 1 Partial return of territories 2 Full return of territories 3 Total takeover of Israel 4 Total takeover of Israel and termination of major part of Jewish population -0037 40 1 I1 Evaluation of the necessity of national security overriding other issues 1 Primary preference over all other issues 7 Security must not be reached at any price -0038 41 1 I1 Preference for rule of law vs. security interests (scale 1-7) 1 Preference for security interests 7 Preference for rule of law -0039 42 1 I1 Evaluation of role of settlements with respect to national security.(1-7 scale) 1 Contribute to national security 4 Neither contribute nor disrupt 7 Disrupt national security -0040 43 1 I1 The influence of the occupation on IDF soldiers' morale. (1-7 scale) 1 Negative effect 4 Neither positive nor negative 7 Positive effect -0041 44 1 I1 Evaluation of international peace conference with participation of great superpowers 1 Strongly support 2 Support 3 Disaprove 4 Strongly disaprove -0042 45 1 I1 Support of government in security crisis while disagreeing with it's way 1 Mandatory support 2 Generally, support 3 Generally, not support 4 Never mandatory to support -0043 46 1 I1 Change in IDF's power in last five years 1 Substantial weakening 2 Certain weakening 3 No change 4 Certain strengthening 5 Substantial strengthening -0044 47 1 I1 Self-evaluation as "hawk" or as "dove" (scale 1-7) 1 Hawk 7 Dove -0045 48 1 I1 Effect of Intifadah on evaluation of political situation and degree of security 1 No change 2 More ready for concessions 3 Less ready for concessions -0046 49 -55 EFFECT OF INTIFADAH ON FOLLOWING ISSUES -------------------------------------- -0047 49 1 I1 Interviewee's mood 1 Improved 2 Did not change 3 Became worse -0048 50 1 I1 National mood 1 Improved 2 Did not change 3 Became worse -0049 51 1 I1 Estimate of election results 1 No change 2 Likud's camp's chances improved 3 Ma'arah's camp's chances improved 4 Religious parties' chances improved -0050 52 1 I1 Interviewee's political activity 1 Increased 2 Did not change 3 Decreased -0051 53 1 I1 Desire to live in Israel 1 Increased 2 Did not change 3 Decreased -0052 54 1 I1 Interviewee's vote 1 Did not change 2 Strong inclination to vote for Likud 3 Strong inclination to vote for Labor 4 Strong inclination to vote for religious parties -0053 55 1 I1 Interviewee's attitude towards Arabs 1 More positive 2 Did not change 3 More negative -0054 56 1 I1 Effect of territories issue on forthcoming elections 1 Significant effect 2 Certain effect 3 Small effect 4 No effect at all -0055 57 1 I1 Effect of territories issue on Interviewee's vote to Knesset 1 Significant effect 2 Certain effect 3 Small effect 4 No effect at all -0056 58 2 I2 Party best reflecting Interviewee's stand on territories issue 01 Ma'arah 02 Likud 03 Tehiya 04 Tsomet 05 Moledet(Gandi) 06 Kah(Kahana) 07 Tnu'at Hamerkaz-Shinui 08 Mapam 09 Ratz 10 Mafdal 11 Meimad(The Central Religious Party) 12 Agudat Israel\Degel Hatorah 13 Shas\Yeshi 14 Pagi(The United Torah Camp) 15 The Arab Democratic Party(Daraushe) 16 Hadash(Rakah) 18 Other 19 Do not know -0057 60 1 I1 Evaluation of differences between major parties on national security 1 Very big difference 2 Big difference 3 Some difference 4 Small difference 5 Hardly any difference -0058 61 1 I1 Degree of similarity of family members' views on territories and security issues to those of interviewee 1 Everyone's views are similar 2 Great part's views are similar 3 Small part's views are similar 4 No one's views are similar 5 Ignorant of relatives' views -0059 62 1 I1 Frequency of discussions on political matters with family members 1 Almost every day 2 Once or twice a week 3 Infrequently 4 Not at all -0060 63 1 I1 Family member with whom discussions on political matters are most frequent 1 Father 2 Mother 3 Brother\sister 4 Spouse 5 Children 6 Other 7 Both of the parents equally 8 All the family members equally 9 No one -0061 64 1 I1 Interviewee's economical approach 1 Definitely capitalist 2 More capitalist than socialist 3 More socialist than capitalist 4 Definitely socialist -0062 65 1 I1 Evaluation of Histadrut's holding of companies 1 Definitely all right 2 All right 3 Not that good 4 Definitely not good -0063 66 1 I1 Evaluation of differences between parties on economical issues 1 Very big difference 2 Big difference 3 Some difference 4 Small difference 5 Hardly any difference -0064 67 1 I1 Effect of economic issues on forthcoming elections 1 Significant effect 2 Certain effect 3 Minor effect 4 No effect at all -0065 68 1 I1 Effect of economic issues on interviewee's vote 1 Significant effect 2 Certain effect 3 Minor effect 4 No effect at all -0066 69 1 I1 Identification with political parties on economical issues 1 Labor(Ma'arah) 2 Likud 3 Other -0067 70 1 I1 Identification with parties on foreign and security issues 1 Labor (Ma'arah) 2 Likud 3 Other -0068 71 1 I1 Better team to handle economic problems 1 Ma'arah's team 2 Likud's team 3 Both equally 4 None of them -0069 72 1 I1 Better team to handle foreign and security problems 1 Ma'arah's team 2 Likud's team 3 Both equally 4 None of them -0070 73 1 I1 Desirability of formation of national unity government after elections 1 Definitely yes 2 Probably yes 3 Probably no 4 definitely no 5 Yes, if headed by Likud party 6 Yes, if headed by Labor party -0071 74 1 I1 Frequency of political discussions with friends 1 Often 2 Sometimes 3 Seldom 4 Never -0072 75 1 I1 Evaluation of ability to influence government policies 1 To a great extent 2 To a certain extent 3 To a small extent 4 None -0073 76 1 I1 Most important factor influencing voting 1 Identification with party 2 Party's candidate for prime minister 3 Party's policies on certain issues 4 Party being in government or in opposition -0074 77 2 I2 Least favored controversial political group 01 Neturei Kartha 02 Rakah(Hadash) 03 Kah(Rabbi Kahana Movement) 04 Agudat Israel-Pagi 05 Gush Emunim 06 Progressive movement towards peace 07 Other PLO supporting groups (e.g. "Bnei Hakfar") 08 Hatehiya 09 Tsomet 10 Moledet (Gandi movement) 11 Arab Democratic Party (Daraushe movement) 12 Shalom Ahshav 13 Matzpen 14 "Yesh Gvul" movement 15 Other -0075 79 -83 APPROVAL OF FOLLOWING SAYINGS WITH RESPECT TO ABOVE SPECIFIED GROUP -------------------------------------- -0076 79 1 I1 Should member of that group be banned from being prime minister 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0077 80 1 I1 That group should be declared outlaw 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0078 81 1 I1 Members of that group should be allowed to appear on TV 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0079 82 1 I1 The group members' phones should be tapped 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0080 83 1 I1 Members of that group should be allowed to demonstrate 1 Definitely agrees 2 Agrees 3 Not certain 4 Disagrees 5 Definitely disagree -0081 84 -88 APPROVAL OF DECLARING BELOW SPECIFIED GROUPS OUTLAW -------------------------------------- -0082 84 1 I1 Progressive list for peace (Ha-Reshima Ha-Mitkademet Le-Shalom) 1 Definitely approve 2 Approve 3 Not certain 4 Disapprove 5 Definitely disapprove -0083 85 1 I1 Kah (Rabbi Kahana's movement) 1 Definitely approve 2 Approve 3 Not certain 4 Disapprove 5 Definitely disapprove -0084 86 1 I1 Rakah (Hadash) 1 Definitely approve 2 Approve 3 Not certain 4 Disapprove 5 Definitely disapprove -0085 87 1 I1 Gush Emunim 1 Definitely approve 2 Approve 3 Not certain 4 Disapprove 5 Definitely disapprove -0086 88 1 I1 Shalom Ahshav 1 Definitely approve 2 Approve 3 Not certain 4 Disapprove 5 Definitely disapprove -0087 89 -93 APPROVAL OF FOLLOWING SAYINGS ABOUT ISRAELI ARABS -------------------------------------- -0088 89 1 I1 Arab should be banned from being prime minister 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0089 90 1 I1 Arabs should be allowed to deliver speeches in public and to appear on TV 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0090 91 1 I1 Arabs' phones should be tapped 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0091 92 1 I1 Arabs should be allowed to demonstrate 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0092 93 1 I1 Arabs should be encouraged to emigrate 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0093 94 -108 FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING STATE TO WHICH PARTY IT SUITS THE MOST -------------------------------------- -0094 94 1 I1 Has experienced leaders 1 Suits Labor 2 Suits Likud 3 Both equally 4 Neither -0095 95 1 I1 Provides adequate representation to Oriental Jews 1 Suits Labor 2 Suits Likud 3 Both equally 4 Neither -0096 96 1 I1 Secures country's future 1 Suits Labor 2 Suits Likud 3 Both equally 4 Neither -0097 97 1 I1 Secures Jewish majority in Israel 1 Suits Labor 2 Suits Likud 3 Both equally 4 Neither -0098 98 1 I1 Closes gaps between ethnic groups 1 Suits Labor 2 Suits Likud 3 Both equally 4 Neither -0099 99 1 I1 Contributed to building the country 1 Suits Labor 2 Suits Likud 3 Both equally 4 Neither -0100 100 1 I1 Fosters Oriental Jews' self esteem 1 Suits Labor 2 Suits Likud 3 Both equally 4 Neither -0101 101 1 I1 Will know how to stand firmly at peace and territories negotiations 1 Suits Labor 2 Suits Likud 3 Both equally 4 Neither -0102 102 1 I1 Will know how to preserve democratic regime 1 Suits Labor 2 Suits Likud 2 Both equally 4 Neither -0103 103 1 I1 Ethnic party 1 Suits Labor 2 Suits Likud 3 Both equally 4 Neither -0104 104 1 I1 Party to retain necessary amount of territories 1 Suits Labor 2 Suits Likud 3 Both equally 4 Neither -0105 105 1 I1 Can achieve true peace with Arabs 1 Suits Labor 2 Suits Likud 3 Both equally 4 Neither -0106 106 1 I1 Party to return tranquility and order to territories 1 Suits Labor 2 Suits Likud 3 Both equally 4 Neither -0107 107 1 I1 Party to know when and how to lead to successful war 1 Suits Labor 2 Suits Likud 3 Both equally 4 Neither -0108 108 1 I1 National party 1 Suits Labor 2 Suits Likud 3 Both equally 4 Neither -0109 109 -124 THERMOMETER SCALE TOWARDS PERSONS OR GROUPS (1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-0 scale;correct 0 to 10) -------------------------------------- -0110 109 1 I1 Labor 1 Strong aversion 0 Strong affection -0111 110 1 I1 Likud 1 Strong avertion 0 Strong affection -0112 111 1 I1 Shim'on Peres 1 Strong aversion 0 Strong affection -0113 112 1 I1 Yitzhak Shamir 1 Strong aversion 0 Strong affection -0114 113 1 I1 Arabs 1 Strong aversion 0 Strong affection -0115 114 1 I1 Ariel Sharon 1 Strong aversion 0 Strong affection -0116 115 1 I1 Religious persons 1 Strong aversion 0 Strong affection -0117 116 1 I1 Ashkenazi Jews 1 Strong aversion 0 Strong affection -0118 117 1 I1 David Levi 1 Strong aversion 0 Strong affection -0119 118 1 I1 Yitzhak Navon 1 Strong aversion 0 Strong affection -0120 119 1 I1 Sephardic Jews 1 Strong aversion 0 Strong affection -0121 120 1 I1 Yitzhak Rabin 1 Strong aversion 0 Strong affection -0122 121 1 I1 Menahem Begin 1 Strong aversion 0 Strong affection -0123 122 1 I1 Gush Emunim 1 Strong aversion 0 Strong affection -0124 123 1 I1 Shalom Ahshav 1 Strong aversion 0 Strong affection -0125 124 1 I1 Rabbi Kahana 1 Strong aversion 0 Strong affection -0126 125 1 I1 Self-evaluation as leftist or rightist (1-7 scale) 1 Right 7 Left HUJI - S O C I A L S C I E N C E S D A T A A R C H I V E -------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 15-Jun-2000 REPORT NAME: SDA RP964104 Codebook of 964104: ELECTION STUDIES 1988 -RECORD 4 Ser Variable name Pos. Lg Form. ----------------------------------------------------------------- -0001 1 5 I5 Identification number -0002 6 -13 APPROVAL OF FOLLOWING SAYINGS ON SOCIAL AND STATE MATTERS -------------------------------------- -0003 6 1 I1 Democracy is best form of rule 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0004 7 1 I1 Politicians do not consider common person's opinion 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0005 8 1 I1 Jews undertaking illegal actions against Arabs should get lighter punishment then Arabs hurting Jews 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0006 9 1 I1 Several strong leaders can do more good than any discussions and laws 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0007 10 1 I1 Every man should have equal rights notwithstanding his political views 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0008 11 1 I1 Minority groups should be allowed to act in order to achieve support of majority 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0009 12 1 I1 Belief in freedom of speech for everyone notwithstanding his views 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0010 13 1 I1 There are situations when it's better to take law in one's own hands 1 Definitely agree 2 Agree 3 Not certain 4 Disagree 5 Definitely disagree -0011 14 1 I1 Government should see to it that public life be conducted according to Jewish religious law 1 Definitely 2 Maybe 3 Maybe not 4 Definitely not -0012 15 1 I1 Degree of ethnic discrimination in Israel 1 Very high 2 High 3 Moderate 4 Low 5 Hardly any -0013 16 1 I1 Degree of personal experience of ethnic discrimination 1 Very high 2 High 3 Moderate 4 Low 5 Hardly any -0014 17 1 I1 Approval of partly constitutional system of elections to Knesset vs. present (all-Israel elections) one 1 Definitely go on with present system 2 Probably go on with present system 3 Probably shift to partly constitutional 4 Definitely shift to partly constitutional 5 No opinion 6 Both systems are no good and shift to fully constitutional system -0015 18 2 I2 Preferred party to form government 01 Labor 02 Likud 03 Hatehiya 04 Tsomet 05 Moledet(Gandi) 06 Kah(Kahana) 07 Tnu'at Hamerkaz-Shinui 08 Mapam 09 Ratz 10 Mafdal 11 Meimad(Centrist Religious Party) 12 Agudat Israel\Degel Hatorah 13 Shas\Yeshi 14 Pagi(United Torah Camp) 15 Arab Democratic party(Daraushe) 16 Hadash(Rakah) 17 Progressive list for peace 18 Other -0016 20 2 I2 Estimate of party to form government (see 964104-0015 (sys.no.4788) for details) -0017 22 2 I2 Interviewee's vote if elections were held now (see 964104-0015(sys.no.4788) for details plus remarks) 19 Blank note 20 Did not decide yet 21 No intention to vote -0018 24 2 I2 Interviewee's vote at last elections on July,1984 01 Labor 02 Likud 03 Mafdal 04 Agudat Israel 05 Shas 06 Morasha 07 Tami 08 Yahad(Weizman) 09 Shinui 10 Ratz 11 Hatehiya+Tsomet 12 Lova Eliav 13 Ometz(Horovitz) 14 Kah(Kahana) 15 Hadash(Rakah) 16 Progressive list for peace 17 Other 18 Did not vote despite having suffrage 19 Did not vote due to absence of suffrage -0019 26 -29 FOR WHICH PARTIES WOULD YOU VOTE FOR IF NO LIMITATION IS POSED -------------------------------------- -0020 26 2 I2 First party named (see codes at var no. 0018) -0021 28 2 I2 Second party named (see codes at var no. 0018) -0022 30 2 I2 Interviewee's father's vote at forthcoming elections (see 964104-0015(sys.no.4788)for details,plus remarks) 19 Did not decide who to vote for 20 Do not know 21 Died,lives abroad,no suffrage -0023 32 2 I2 Interviewee's mother's vote at forthcoming elections (see 964104-0021(sys.no.4792)for details) -0024 34 1 I1 Marital status 1 Not married 2 Married 3 Divorced 4 Widowed -0025 35 2 I2 Interviewee's spouse's vote at forthcoming elections (see 964104-0021(sys.no.4792)for details) -0026 37 1 I1 Approval of canceling football matches on Sabbath 1 Approve 2 Disapprove -0027 38 2 I2 Estimate of percentage of citizens approving canceling matches on Sabbath. 00 Minority 99 Majority -0028 40 2 I2 Basis for above estimate (information on this var is unavailable) -0029 42 1 I1 Approval of large Arab villages' status change from local councils to cities 1 Approve change in status 2 Disapprove change in status -0030 43 2 I2 Estimate of percentage of Jewish population approving change in status 00 Minority 99 Majority -0031 45 2 I2 Basis for above estimate (information on this var is unavailable) -0032 47 1 I1 Israel's usage of nuclear weapons 1 There are conditions when usage is justified 2 Under no conditions is usage justified -0033 48 2 I2 Estimate of percentage of public thinking that under no condition is nuclear weapons usage justified 00 Minority 99 Majority -0034 50 2 I2 Basis for above estimate (information on this var is unavailable) -0035 52 1 I1 Approval of breaking off relations with South-Africa 1 Approve 2 Disapprove -0036 53 2 I2 Estimate of percentage of public approving breaking off relations with South-Africa,(Precise estimate) 00 Minority 99 Majority -0037 55 2 I2 Basis for above estimate (information on this var is unavailable) -0038 57 1 I1 Fairness of distribution of reserve military service burden 1 Fair 2 Unfair -0039 58 2 I2 Estimate of percentage of public thinking that above is fair,(Try to give precise estimate) 00 Minority 99 Majority -0040 60 2 I2 Basis for above estimate (information on this var is unavailable) -0041 62 -65 GRADING OF BELOW VALUES ACCORDING TO THEIR IMPORTANCE -------------------------------------- -0042 62 1 I1 Primary importance value 1 Jewish majority state 2 Greater Israel 3 Democratic state (equal rights for all) 4 State of peace (low probability of war) -0043 63 1 I1 Second value in importance 1 Jewish majority state 2 Greater Israel 3 Democratic state (equal rights for all) 4 State of peace (low probability of war) -0044 64 1 I1 Third value in importance 1 Jewish majority state 2 Greater Israel 3 Democratic state (equal rights for all) 4 State of peace (low probability of war) -0045 65 1 I1 Fourth value in importance 1 Jewish majority state 2 Greater Israel 3 Democratic state (equal rights for all) 4 State of peace (low probability of war) -0046 66 1 I1 To what extent interviewee observes religious laws 1 Observe all religious laws to the letter 2 Observe most of religious laws 3 Observe some of religious laws 4 Do not observe at all, totally free -0047 67 1 I1 Self-definition as Ashkenazi or Sephardic Jew 1 Ashkenazi 2 Sephardic 3 Neither 4 Both -0048 68 2 I2 Place of birth 01 North America 02 Asia 03 Eastern Europe 04 Western or Central Europe 05 America,Australia,South-Africa 06 Israeli born(Father also) 07 Israeli born(Father in North America) 08 Israeli born(Father in Asia) 09 Israeli born(father in Eastern Europe) 10 Israeli born(father in Western or Central Europe) 11 Israeli born(father in America, Australia or South Africa) -0049 70 1 I1 Year of Aliya (immigration) 1 Israeli born 2 Before 1948 3 1948-1954 4 1955-1960 5 1961-1966 6 1967-1972 7 1973-1977 8 1978-1983 9 1984+ -0050 71 1 I1 Does interviewee favor, is member of or hold position in any party 1 No 2 Favor but not member 3 Member but no position 4 Member and position but no compensation 5 Member and position with compensation -0051 72 1 I1 Identification with political trend 1 Left 2 Moderate left 3 Center 4 Moderate right 5 Right 6 Religious trend 7 Do not identify with any -0052 73 1 I1 Membership in Histadrut 1 Yes 2 No -0053 74 1 I1 Reading daily newspapers 1 Almost never 2 Rarely 3 Approximately once a week 4 Twice-thrice a week 5 One daily newspaper almost every day 6 More than one daily newspaper almost every day -0054 75 1 I1 Interviewee's active military service 1 Not served yet but will in future 2 Conscription 3 Serving in regular service 4 Served in IDF in past 5 Did not serve in IDF -0055 76 1 I1 Present reserve service 1 Yes 2 No -0056 77 1 I1 Service in territories since uprising (Dec. 1987) 1 Yes 2 No -0057 78 2 I2 Age -0058 80 2 I2 Years of schooling -0059 82 1 I1 Identification with social status 1 High 2 Middle-high 3 Middle 4 Low 5 Workers' status 6 Do not belong to any status -0060 83 1 I1 No. of rooms in household -0061 84 1 I1 No. of persons living in household -0062 85 1 I1 Monthly family expenditures (average-2,400 NIS for family of 4,Sept.,1988) 1 well above average 2 Somewhat above average 3 As average 4 Somewhat below average 5 Well below average -0063 86 1 I1 Status at work 1 Salaried worker 2 Salaried clerk 3 Salaried manager 4 Independent\small business 5 Independent-company owner 6 Not working -0064 87 2 I2 Code of locality -0065 89 2 I2 Statistical area -0066 91 2 I2 Date of interview -0067 93 5 I5 Panel